What Are Photovoltaic Cables? The Definitive Guide

The push towards renewable energy solutions has led to significant advancements in technologies that harness natural resources such as solar power and wind energy. Among these, PV wire, also referred to as photovoltaic cable, plays a pivotal role in sustainable renewable energy systems. 

It is crucial in transmitting electricity from solar panels to various components within a system and, ultimately, to the power grid or storage devices. This blog serves as an essential guide to understanding photovoltaic cables, their unique properties, and how they are differentiated from other cables for renewable energy.

What Are PV Wires Used For?

Photovoltaic cables, commonly referred to as PV wire or solar panel cables, are engineered to meet the specific environmental and electrical requirements of solar power systems. These photovoltaic solar panel cables connect solar panels to the inverter and from the inverter to the power grid. They are built to handle the high direct current (DC) output of solar panels efficiently and safely over extended periods. 

Unlike regular electrical cables, photovoltaic cables must withstand outdoor environments, including exposure to UV rays, temperature variations, and weather-related stresses, all while maintaining optimal performance. 

Can You Use Other Electrical Cables Instead of Solar Panel Cables?

Using other electrical cables in solar energy systems is generally not advisable. Standard cables are not designed to withstand the specific challenges posed by outdoor conditions and the high DC voltages produced by solar panels. Regular cables might degrade quickly when exposed to UV radiation and temperature fluctuations, leading to increased resistance, energy loss, and potential safety hazards. Thus, for reliability, safety, and efficiency, investing in proper photovoltaic cables or PV wires is essential for any solar energy system.

What Distinguishes Photovoltaic Solar Cables From Other Cables?

Photovoltaic solar cables are designed with several unique features that distinguish them from other cables. Here are some key features of renewable energy cables:

• UV Resistance: These solar cables are coated with materials resistant to ultraviolet light, preventing them from breaking down over time.
• Temperature Resistance: PV wire can withstand extreme temperature ranges, which is critical in outdoor environments where temperatures can fluctuate dramatically.
• High Voltage and Current Handling: PV wire or photovoltaic cables are capable of handling the high voltage outputs from solar panels, which are significantly higher than typical home electrical systems.
• Durability and Longevity: The materials used in photovoltaic cables are more robust and designed to last for decades under outdoor conditions.

These features ensure that PV wires or photovoltaic cables remain operational throughout the lifespan of the solar power system, contributing to the system’s overall efficiency and safety.

What Are My Choices Of Photovoltaic Cables?

When planning a solar energy system, the selection of the right PV wire is crucial, not just for performance, but for ensuring the durability and safety of the installation. Here, we explore the different types of photovoltaic cables, focusing on their core configurations, conductor materials, and insulation and jacketing materials. Each choice affects the system’s efficiency, cost, and installation process.

Single-Core Vs. Multi-Core PV Wire

PV wire or photovoltaic cables come in either single-core or multi-core configurations, each serving different needs based on the solar system’s design and scale. Choosing the right type of solar photovoltaic cable—be it single-core or multi-core—is essential when planning the layout of your solar energy system.

Single-Core Solar Cables

Single-core cables consist of one conductor encased in insulation. These solar cables are especially suited for:

• High Current Cable Applications: Common in commercial solar installations where larger amounts of power must be transmitted over long distances.
• XLPE Jackets: Use of cross-linked polyethylene jackets feature lead-free, flame retardancy, and low smoke emission benefits. 

• Installation Benefits: Depending on the AWG size, these cables can be somewhat rigid, which aids in a straightforward installation over long spans without excessive drooping.  However, the use of stranded conductors offers some flexibility for maneuvering cable during installation.

Multi-Core Photovoltaic Cables

Multi-core cables, containing several insulated conductors within a single jacket, are adaptable for:

• Complex Installations: Ideal for residential systems or setups requiring multiple branches and connections.
• Flexibility: These cables are easier to bend and route through complex pathways, offering superior handling during installation.
• XLPE Jackets: Use of cross-linked polyethylene jackets feature lead-free, flame retardancy, and low smoke emission benefits.
• Considerations: The increased diameter and weight of multi-core cables can be challenging in restricted spaces or where cable weight is a concern.

Choosing the Right Conductor Material for Renewable Energy Cables

Choosing the right conductor material is vital for the efficiency and longevity of photovoltaic cables or PV wire.

Copper Solar Cables

One of the common photovoltaic cable materials is copper. Copper is a highly conductive material, making it a popular choice for PV wire due to:

• Efficient Power Transfer: Provides lower resistance, which translates to more efficient power conduction.
• Durability: Copper’s resistance to corrosion contributes to its longevity and reliable performance under various environmental conditions.
• Cost Considerations: Although copper offers significant benefits, its higher cost compared to aluminum can impact the overall budget of solar projects.

Aluminum Cables

Another popular material for custom cables is aluminum. Aluminum offers a lightweight and cost-effective alternative with certain trade-offs:

• Economical: Less expensive than copper, aluminum allows for budget savings, particularly in large-scale installations.
• Weight Advantages: Its lighter weight makes aluminum easier to handle and install, beneficial for large arrays.
• Performance Considerations: Aluminum has higher electrical resistance and is more susceptible to oxidation; hence, protective measures such as enhanced insulation are crucial.

Cable Insulation And Jacketing Materials for Renewable Cables

The choice of insulation and jacketing materials protects the conductors from environmental factors and electrical faults. At Remee, we offer cross-linked polyethylene jackets with lead-free, flame retardancy, and low smoke emission benefits.

XLPE (Cross-Linked Polyethylene)

XLPE is known for the following properties:

• High Durability: Excellent at resisting chemical and physical stress, ensuring long service life.
• High Voltage: XLPE jacketed cables can carry large currents and high voltages.
• Environmental Resistance: Offers outstanding chemical resistance and protection against moisture, UV light, and mechanical damage; ideal for outdoor applications.
• Flame Retardant: Lead free material with low smoke characteristic. 

Our Recommendation For Solar Panel Cables

Selecting the appropriate photovoltaic solar cable is critical for maximizing the efficiency and reliability of your solar power systems. For those setting up solar power systems, our professional recommendation at Remee Wire & Cable is to choose multi-core, copper or aluminum conductor photovoltaic cables with XLPE insulation. This particular configuration excels in several critical areas:

• Efficiency: Copper conductors are superior in conducting electricity, which means they can transmit power more effectively with minimal loss. This is crucial in maintaining the efficiency of your solar system.
• Durability: XLPE (Cross-Linked Polyethylene) insulation is renowned for its robust properties, including resistance to high temperatures, chemical degradation, and physical wear. This makes it exceptionally suited for the harsh conditions often encountered in outdoor environments where solar panels are typically installed.
• Ease of Installation: The flexibility offered by PV wire with stranded conductors simplifies the installation process, especially in complex setups with multiple connections and routing paths. This can significantly reduce installation time and costs.

It is important to ensure that the photovoltaic cables you choose are specifically certified and rated for solar applications. These certifications ensure the cables meet industry standards for safety and performance.

Industry standards for certification include: 

Copper: UL 44, UL 854, UL 4703, UL 1581, and CSA C.22 .2 No. 271

Aluminum: UL 44, UL 854, UL 4703, and IEEE 1202 FT4 (for sizes 1/0 and larger)

Refer to the Remee Wire & Cable online catalog listings for more details.

Choose the Best PV Wire Manufacturer: Remee!

At Remee Wire & Cable, we’re committed to helping you achieve the most reliable and efficient solar power systems with our top-quality copper and aluminum photovoltaic cables with XLPE insulation. Don’t compromise on the safety and effectiveness of your solar project. 

Connect with us today to discover how our expertly engineered solutions can streamline your setup and boost your energy returns. Visit our website or call us now for your tailored consultation on photovoltaic cables and take the first step towards a smarter solar future!